example of hexose Hexose stereoisomers

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Sugar and carbohydrates are an essential part of our diets and play an important role in regulating our body’s energy levels. As a professional in the field of biochemistry, it’s essential to understand the key terms and definitions associated with these critical molecules. In this post, we’ll cover 29 key terms that you should know, along with a helpful visual aid to assist with your understanding.

Hexose

A common type of monosaccharide, a hexose is a carbohydrate with six carbon atoms, as shown in the following image:

Hexose moleculeCarbohydrate

Carbohydrates are biomolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They can be classified as monosaccharides (simple sugars), disaccharides (two monosaccharides linked together), or polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides linked together).

Glucose

Glucose is a type of monosaccharide and is the primary source of energy for the human body. It’s commonly found in foods such as fruit, honey, and table sugar.

Fructose

Another type of monosaccharide, fructose is commonly found in fruits and vegetables. It’s often used as a sweetener in processed foods due to its high level of sweetness.

Lactose

Lactose is a disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose. It’s commonly found in milk and dairy products.

Starch

Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules linked together. It’s commonly found in foods such as bread, pasta, and potatoes and provides the body with a source of energy.

Glycogen

Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate made up of linked glucose molecules. It’s the primary storage form of glucose in animals and is stored in the liver and muscles.

Cellulose

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate made up of linked glucose molecules. It’s found in the cell walls of plants and provides structural support.

In addition to these key terms, there are many others in the field of sugar and carbohydrate chemistry that are important to understand. By having a solid understanding of these concepts, you’ll be better equipped to make informed decisions about your diet and overall health.

Conclusion

We hope this post has been helpful in introducing you to some of the key terms and concepts in the field of sugar and carbohydrate chemistry. By familiarizing yourself with these definitions, you’ll be able to better understand the role these molecules play in your body and make informed choices about your diet and nutrition.

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